What distinguishes primary data from secondary data?

Primary data is defined as information that is gathered firsthand by the researcher for a specific research purpose or study. This includes data collected through methods such as surveys, interviews, experiments, or direct observations. The distinguishing feature of primary data is its originality; it is specifically created and collected for the current research question or objective at hand, making it highly relevant and tailored to that specific inquiry.

In contrast, secondary data is information that has already been collected and documented by others, often for a different purpose. This might include data from books, articles, reports, or existing databases. The other options reflect characteristics of secondary data or do not accurately capture the essence of primary data. For instance, data collected from secondhand sources, summary reports, and data sold by research firms all pertain to information that is not originally gathered by the user for their own study. Therefore, the choice indicating data gathered via observations or direct experiences appropriately highlights the unique nature of primary data.